Chronic changes in SCN network activity induced by long or short days translate into multisynaptic molecular adaptation via NT switching between NMS & VIP neurons, which, in turn, reorganizes the SCN-PVN circuit.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abn9867

 

Do you think these quantum/light factors play no role in sculpting the metabolism of mitochondria in the central retinal pathways?

Metabolic factors have very little control over the clock timing mechanism associated with their biological use. Light does control this process.

We have identified a new type of retinal ganglion cell in new data that needs SN-2 DHA to operate (pi electrons needed for light capture and transfer), the neurons in the retina that encode the visual environment and transmit information back to the brain. (study published in Neuron) The specific features of this cell, which is called a "bursty suppressed-by-contrast" (bSbC) retinal ganglion cell (RGC), overturn a decades-old assumption about the relationship between the cells' inputs from photoreceptors and outputs to the brain. The classic view was that these ganglion cells simply integrate their excitation and inhibition inputs, and that will tell you how the cell responds to visual stimulus.

The new data reveals that these cells have their own intrinsic computation that link directly back to light computation and the ability to tell time. You think a lab supplement operates as good as a clock gear built by Nature? This finding for a vegan is as delicate as a jackhammer. Nature could care less about your wants, needs, or beliefs. She wants you to pay attention to how you are built to work in her frame work.

In the study in the journal Neuron, investigators compared the responses of OFFsA and bSbC ganglion cell types to different visual stimuli, recording the resulting signals that would be sent to the brain. The study authors discovered the bSbC has a curious quantum mechanism: The cell has a baseline rate of signaling towards the brain, but both increases and decreases in light result in decreased signaling, a one-way signaling pattern.

It means the signaling can only go down. Now ask yourself why the system has a fidelity built like this?

Further, the investigators tested the classic view of how these ganglion cells integrate light inputs. These cells receive excitatory and inhibitory signals from photoreceptors in the retina, and the prevailing centralized theory dictated that these inputs combine to reach some threshold that causes a change in signaling output. To test this, researchers swapped the inputs into the OFFsA and bSbC ganglion cells with one another, finding that the output signaling in this experiment was identical to normal activity.

This means these retinal ganglion cells have their own UNIQUE ion channels that impact their own output, their own set of electrical conductances that contribute to the output. This means light sculpts life because it sculpts things within our cells that are linked to how we account for time. Time is a flow meter for entropy. Entropy describes how light energy moves within a system. That is how sensitive our systems are. Taking supplements to affect this type of system is not helpful. Adjusting your life's light sources is more wise. https://www.facebook.com/drjackkruse/posts/pfbid02i8A2NU3FHJRCk2VrUFZjpDM4FLYapz8VMB8uie5inemVEJTj7io54SDrt2bBUjs2l

 

The short photoperiod increases the number of neurons expressing NMS in the SCN, whereas long photoperiod increases the number of neurons expressing VIP.

Coexpression of NMS and VIP increases in SCN neurons of mice exposed to short days, consistent with NT switching.

The increase in number of PVN DA neurons (DA) previously observed in mice exposed to short days can also be achieved by artificial activation of NMS neurons in the SCN in the absence of photoperiod exposure.

We propose a mechanism in which light input to the SCN regulates the number and activity of dopamine cells in the PVN through an activity-dependent mechanism of NT switching that involves the recruitment of newly expressing NMS neurons from a VIP-expressing reserve pool.

These findings reveal a previously unidentified form of multisynaptic NT plasticity across different hypothalamic nuclei (PVN and SCN) induced by seasonal changes in photoperiod that mediate concomitant enhancement of DA and NMS transmission and decreased CRH activation affecting behavior.

What is interesting to me is that this experiment had a duration of only 15 days and they were able to show dramatic neuronal changes.

When the photoperiod is consistently short, chronic inhibition of the NMS neurons results in a corresponding reduction in dopamine-expressing neurons in the PVN.

Sources:

https://www.news-medical.net/news/2...esponds-to-seasonal-shifts-in-day-length.aspx
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abn9867​