​

https://rwmalonemd.substack.com/p/our-birthright-freedom#play
​

His latest work, Plandemic, is the most seen and censored documentary series in history.

https://plandemicseries.com/



https://www.amazon.com/Plandemic-Fe...swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1674175919&sr=8-1
​

MIKKI WILLIS is a father and independent investigative filmmaker. After digging for survivors under the rubble of the World Trade Center in 2001, Willis experienced an awakening that reshaped his life and profession. Since then, his productions have been used to correct divisive narratives about historic events, and as key evidence in major international court cases. His most recent production, Plandemic, is the most seen and censored documentary series of all time.

​

 

Preaching with a choir – Dr. @Jack Kruse – for your review

As you may know, my study for human health began over 50 years ago (around) the early 1970s. The “data” was not readily available as it is now. Most of it was behind a “paid vault”, for which medical students could have access to. (I was unable not qualify for medical school.) Today, we can search PubMed and other sites and pull articles for review.

I typically, don’t like to “cut & paste” articles, but this time I wanted to make a brief history of light. It’s not complete list; but it does show our medical professional intuitions “knew” better back then.

Note: the theme throughout these situations such as:

Sunlight’s stimulus on human health
Circadian rhythm
Etc. ​

Then I will site an old study involving children -

By 1919 researchers had reached the conclusion that sunlight was the key to the cure of rickets.

East (1939) reported a study which found a correlation between annual hours of sunlight and the incidence of dental caries in 94,337 boys (ages 12 - 14) in 24 American states.

Zamkova and Krivitskaya (1966) augmented regular fluorescent light with UV suntan lamps in a controlled experiment involving school children and they reported that when compared to the control group, students who received exposure to UV light showed increased levels of working ability and resistance to fatigue, improved academic performance, improved stability of clear vision, and increased weight and growth.

Volkova (1967) studied the effects of UV supplements to general lighting in a factory and found that when compared to a control group, an experimental group of adults demonstrated decreased permeability of skin capillaries, increased white cell activity, and reduced catarrhal infections and colds. Richard Wurtman (1968) concluded that light has biological effects that are important to health and that some of these effects may be easily reproduced and measured in the experimental laboratory. These effects were of two kinds: those which modify the individual's endocrine, hormone and metabolic state by means of light reaching the retina and those which result from light on the skin (e.g., vitamin D production, skin tanning, and dissociation of bilirubin).

Wurtman (1969) also linked light entering the eye with responses of the pineal gland and secretion of the hormone melatonin. This hormone in turn influences the functions of other glands, possibly as a result of direct action on specific areas of the brain. Wurtman and Weisel (1969) studied the effects of light from cool white lamps and full-spectrum Vita-Lite lamps on a group of rats. Their findings support the argument that environmental lighting has an effect on at least some neuroendocrine functions.

Himmelfarb, Scott and Thayer (1970) reported that light from Vita-Lite (full-spectrum) lamps was significantly more effective in killing bacteria than light from standard cool-white lamps. It was also discovered that artificial light was also effective in curing rickets (Looniis, 1970). Wurtman and Neer (1970) suggested that non-visual retinal responses to light mediate a number of neuroendocrine hormonal functions which in turn regulate such mechanisms as pubescence, ovulation and a wide variety of daily rhythms

Downing (1988) offered evidence that small amounts of UV radiation destroys bacteria and moulds. At an irradiance level of 10 •W/cm2 there is sufficient energy to kill in one minute a variety of bacteria and moulds—alpha strep. and staph. aureus (100%), beta hemolytic strep. and E. coli (85%), moulds (30-65%), and the AIDS virus (20%). Even though there appears to be some capability for the UVA and UVB components of full spectrum lamps to have a germicidal effect the greatest effect occurs in the UVC band—especially at 270±5 nanometers (Bickford, 1981). Emissions at that wavelength are about 100 times more effective than emissions in the UVA band.

Neer (1971) described a study which involved elderly male residents at the Chelsea Massachusetts Soldiers' Home who were exposed to full-spectrum fluorescent lighting which also emitted trace amounts of UV energy. The study's conclusion was that relatively small amounts of UV light can stimulate calcium absorption among elderly men who have no exposure to sunlight and who eat a diet containing little vitamin D.

Thorington, L., Cunningham, L., & Parascondola, L. (1971), Hodr (1971), and Lucey (1972) cited numerous studies involving the use of phototherapy in treating hyperbilirubinemia. As an alternative to exchange transfusions, irradiation with light (especially blue light in the 440 to 470 nm range) was proven effective and is considered standard treatment in many hospitals.

Wurtman (1975) suggested that full-spectrum light is as effective as blue light because full spectrum light sources have significant energy concentrated in the blue range. The added benefit provided by full spectrum lamps over monochromatic blue lamps is the improved color rendering characteristics of the former which permits nurses to readily perceive changes in an infant's skin color.

It is now accepted that UV radiation derived from sunlight in the region of 290-315 nm triggers the development of vitamin D in the skin (Holick, 1985; Neer, 1985) and vitamin D formed in the skin or regular doses of vitamin D taken orally can prevent or cure rickets. Davies (1985) discussed links between calcium absorption and availability of vitamin D. The importance of vitamin D (the sunshine vitamin) has been recognized for a long time. Indeed, milk fortified with vitamin D is commonplace.

Nevertheless, Wurtinan (1975) and Neer (1985) questioned whether or not dietary sources of vitamin D are biologically as effective as the vitamin D formed in the skin as a result of UV light stimulation. Ozaki and Wurmm (1979) drew attention to the fact that light from high pressure sodium vapor lamps produced anomalies in the growth and development of animals. They presented evidence to the effect that the exposure of developing rats to high pressure sodium vapor (HPSV) lights caused characteristic changes in growth and development.

In 1975 Wurtman wrote an article for Scientific America - The effects of light on the human body ->

Light exerts an indirect effect on the ovaries and this effect is mediated by photoceptive cells in the retina. The light cycles involved in night and day and changing day length appear to be associated with rhythmic changes in mammalian biological functions such as body temperature. Light levels and rhythms also influence the maturation and subsequent cyclic activity in the gonads of mammals, with the particular response seemingly dependent on whether the species ovulated once a year or at regular intervals. Ovulation can be accelerated in diurnally active, monestrous animals by exposing them to artificially long days. Pineal activity can be suppressed by exposing the animals continuously to light. Such findings on the multiple and disparate effects of light suggest the view that health considerations should be incorporated into the design of light environments.

​

Hughes (1981) cited research to support the view that physiological disorders may occur in the human system if the human skin does not receive some exposure to solar radiation, either direct or diffused, for long periods of time. It is believed that there will be a vitamin D deficiency followed by weakened body defenses and an aggravation of chronic diseases.

Bickford (1981) reported that repeated treatments with a combination of psoralen and UVA (320 to 400 nm) was effective in controlling psoriasis. Davies (1985) undertook a study into the effects of UV light deprivation (wavelengths less than 380 nm) on nine young male volunteers who were enclosed in an isolation chamber for 10 weeks. The conclusion of the study was that: "In healthy young men on normal diets, lack of exposure to sunlight for only five or six weeks leads to depletion of vitamin D stores sufficient to cause inadequate intestinal absorption of calcium and increasingly negative calcium balance, though calcium absorption may begin failing after only three or four weeks."

Sydoriak (1984) found a correlation between types of lighting and wall coloring and blood pressure. In a similar study, Grangaard (1993) reported a significant correlation between color and light environments and student systolic blood pressure and off-task behaviors.

A national committee of physicists, chemists and physicians in the United States made it clear to the medical community that “photons must be considered a drug" (Lamola, 1985). Downing (1988) concluded: “There is no area of our mental and bodily functioning that the sun does not influence. Our bodies were designed to receive and use it in a wide range of ways. We were not designed to hide from it in houses, offices, factories and schools. Sunshine, reaching us through our eyes and our skin, exercises a subtle control over us from birth to death, from head to tail."

Wurtman (1985, p. x), one of the editors of the 453rd volume of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences which was devoted to the medical and biological effects of light, includes a summary of the broad range of light’s actions on mammals (see Table 1 below).

​

A Study Into the Effects of Types of Light on Children

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/docum...&doi=cd7e56d86aeee5235c2814082b312900b335969d
​

Sunlight is by far the most important source of light and energy for living organisms and it may be experienced as direct light or as skylight (diffused light).

Sunlight contains all colors in relatively uniform amounts (i.e., there are neither sharps peaks nor discontinuities in the spectral distribution) and all colors are equally visible when illuminated by sunlight. For this reason, natural light serves as the reference for comparing the color rendition characteristics of other light sources, with natural light having the maximum or reference Color Rendition Index (CRI) of 100. The color rendition index is a measure of the way colors look under specific light sources. It is important to note that equivalent CRI indices mean the same thing only when the light sources to which they relate have equivalent color temperatures. As a consequence, colored objects may appear different when viewed under lights with different color temperatures but equivalent CRI indices.

​

It may be noted in Table 5 that the smallest gains in height were made at Site I (high pressure sodium vapor) while the greatest gains were made at Sites 3 and 5 (full spectrum with UV supplement). Indeed, the gains at Site 1 were significantly less than gains at Sites 3 and 5 (full spectrum with UV supplement) and Site 4 (cool-white).

The greatest average weight gain occurred at Sites 3 and 5 (full spectrum with UV supplement) and these gains were significantly greater than those at Site 4 (cool-white). Arguably, light could be a clear factor in this instance inasmuch as both sites are located in the same community and other factors are more or less equal.

Increases in body fat during the period of the study were lowest at Site 4 and highest at Site 2. Differences are displayed in Table 5.

Based on an analysis of health and general development records for the children located in the different lighting environments examined in this study, the conclusion is supported that light does have an effect on health and general development. Specifically, significant differences were found to include; height gains, weight gains, and gains in body fat.

​

A relatively small percentage of the overall female study population reached menarche during the course of the study (17.8 percent), however the distribution was not entirely uniform. To establish an expectation of the number of girls that should have reached the onset of menarche, the results of a completed study of 1829 girls was provided by the Edmonton Board of Health.

Table 6 (above) presents the data collected in this study as compared to the study of 1829 girls. Statistically significant differences were determined by means of Chi Square tests. The higher than predicted incidence of onset of menarche at Sites 2 (full spectrum) and Sites 3 and 5 (full spectrum with UV supplement) and the lower than predicted incidence of the onset of menarche at Site 1 is difficult to explain.

One factor common to all of these sites is light—the higher incidence of menarche occurred in schools lit by Vita-Lite full spectrum lamps (rich in blue light) and the lower incidence was in the school lit by high pressure sodium vapor lamps (deficient of blue light).

Based on an analysis of health and general development records for the girls exposed to the different lighting environments examined in this study, significant differences were found in the age for the onset of menarche.

​

This study set out to examine for non-visual effects of different types of lighting on students over a twoyear period.

A number of significant findings were found in this study and they are summarized in tabular form in Table 7 (above). Without placing a value judgement on the findings (i.e., good or bad) two symbols are used to describe the findings in Table 7—a negative sign (-) is used to indicate the lowest or smallest significant measures, a positive sign (+) is used to indicate the highest or greatest significant measures, and a blank is left when the findings were insignificant. This non-evaluative view must be kept in mind, especially when viewing the findings with respect to the onset of menarche and gains in body fat. Sites 3 and 5 (full spectrum with UV enhancement) and Site 2 (full spectrum) appear to contain the preferred lighting systems inasmuch as students at these sites were significantly better than other sites on the greatest number of measures. At the same time, it must be noted that students at Site 1 (high pressure sodium vapor) rated significantly poorer on most measures.

From evidence summarized in Table 7 it may be concluded that different types of lighting do have differential effects on students' dental histories, growth and development histories, scholastic achievement histories, and attendance histories when examined over a two-year period.

When it comes to the findings summarized in Table 7, it seems clear that UV supplements may account for differences in the rates at which dental caries developed and this may be linked to the stimulation of vitamin D production in the skin as a result of UVB irradiation. Improved attendance (perhaps a reflection of good health) may also be linked to Vitamin D as well as to the bacteria-killing effects of UV light. A number of the other significant findings may be more related to color or the visible light spectra than anything else. The onset of menarche seems to fit this case. The higher than expected incidence occurred at schools with full spectrum light (i.e., enhanced blue). The lower than expected incidence occurred at the site with the yellow-orange (near monochromatic) light. Indeed, gains in height and achievement and attendance ratios all fit into this same pattern—students under conventional or blue-enhanced lighting scored the largest gains and those students under HPSV lighting scored lowest.

On the basis of this study, and other research reported in the literature, we know that trace amounts of UV in the classroom have the effect of reducing the incidence of dental caries in children in Grades 5 and 6. We also suspect that the color of visible light in classrooms may have an effect on the growth and development rates of children. For example, the poor Color Rendering Index and the monochromatic light at Site I may explain the lower academic achievement rates for those students. Similarly, the blue-enriched full spectrum lamps may account for some of the significant differences measured with respect to Site 2 and Sites 3 and 5. Unfortunately, we still do not know enough about the risks associated with different lighting systems. Most importantly, we do not know where the boundary lies between risks and benefits of exposure to UV light.

Clearly, this study points to the single conclusion that—no matter how efficient—lighting systems are not neutral with respect to their effects on people. Indeed, it appears to be the case that there are a number of non-visual effects associated with different types of lighting. This study has identified a number of such effects—differences in the rate of dental caries development, differences in rates of attendance, differences in the age of the onset of menarche, differences in height, weight, and body fat gains, and differences in scholastic achievement.

I hope you enjoyed these articles,
Grandpa John

 

Dr. @Jack Kruse - for your review

QUANTUM ENGINEERING #25: DEMAR HAMLIN, JJ WATT, & LICTENSTEIN FERNING HAVE A LOT IN COMMON

https://optimalklubs.com/quantum-en...att-lictenstein-ferning-have-a-lot-in-common/​

I don’t know the author of this latest post; however, it seems rather odd to me that he seems to believe that acute care protocols should change towards better treatments. We know from the beginning of the so-called pandemic that treatment protocols for COVID symptoms were designed to bring on quick and immediate death. At that time, these COVID treatment protocols surprised me; however, with just a little hindsight it was made clear by the CDC and AMA why these guidelines were imposed onto clinicians. The validation and requirement for a vaccine was forced as the only hope for humanity. The strategy played out well.

It entertained me that most physicians were completely compliant to these guidelines. There were a few who stood up for their patients, taking sovereignty from their license governing boards, by using their education and understanding of science to craft protocols for their patients. These physicians paid dearly for their non-compliant resolve to treat patients ethically.

Do we know the death toll from the COVID vaccine campaign?

https://forum.jackkruse.com/index.php?threads/the-maskarade-continues.25360/page-72#post-319225

Mast Cells, Endothelia and Histamine
https://forum.jackkruse.com/index.php?posts/307511​

 

Unfortunately it’s not just doctors... they are/will be the unfortunate scapegoats. Most medical professionals no longer use or have intuition. Without intuition what are we? Completely compliant.

 

For me, over fifty years ago, I went to "health" lectures; these were testimonials; however, the organization putting them on was the "Natural Hygiene Society" - a collection of clinicians who broke away from "mainstream" medical dogma. Most of these N=1 stories were personal transformation stories, not scientific; so even though it seem to lack statistical large study proof, it impacted my vector -> to choose a study of human health rather than the study of disease progression.

This has been and will continue be -> how I post on Dr. @Jack Kruse site -> My hope is to create an intellectual exploration and discussion on ->

How do we improve human biological life’s existence? ​

Enjoying a sunrise -> what's motivating me? ... of course, the pursuit of human health

​

 

Here maybe some " CLUES "






Quote that i Like
WE ARE 99% WATER
There are many good QUOTE


Also

 

In response to Dr. @Jack Kruse post - https://forum.jackkruse.com/index.p...cs-diy-lesson-thread.27408/page-2#post-319396

Question: Dr. @Jack Kruse - Do you employ Intravenous Hydrogen Therapy With Intracisternal Magnesium Sulfate Infusion for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhaging?

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031260
​

As you know - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a worldwide health burden with high fatality and permanent disability rates. The overall prognosis depends on the volume of the initial bleed, rebleeding, and degree of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Cardiac manifestations and neurogenic pulmonary edema indicate the severity of SAH. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4463029/

Specifically with TBI injuries.

Intracisternal magnesium sulfate infusion started immediately after surgery reduces the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia and improves clinical outcomes without complications in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intracisternal magnesium sulfate infusion combined with intravenous hydrogen therapy decreases serum malondialdehyde and neuron-specific enolase and improves Barthel index, indicating hydrogen has additional effects.​

Intravenous hydrogen therapy with intracisternal magnesium sulfate infusion reduced serum MDA more than intracisternal magnesium sulfate infusion only, which indicates that hydrogen could ameliorate reactive oxygen-mediated oxidative damage. Several experimental studies have suggested that enhanced oxidative stress is involved in EBI following SAH. Intravenous hydrogen administration with intracisternal magnesium sulfate infusion showed the same functional outcome for modified Rankin Scale and Karnofsky performance status as intracisternal magnesium sulfate infusion only but also improved Barthel index at 1 year.
​

 

@8Phoenix - Please forgive my delay in response to your post. I'm reviewing Dr. Rasmus Gaupp-Berghausen's work.

 

In response to Dr. @Jack Kruse post on https://forum.jackkruse.com/index.p...cs-diy-lesson-thread.27408/page-2#post-319631

"EVERY cell houses 4 light-activated genes — cryptochrome, Period, CLOCK, and BMAL — that keep time. When you mess with circadian signaling with things like artificial blue light, BMAL1 causes your mitochondria to swell and you begin to develop insulin resistance. Restore proper BMAL1 activity and you restore proper cellular function. Restore proper BMAL1 activity and you restore proper cellular function." So would abnormal circadian rhythmicity = poor redox = mitochondrial senescence because http://www.jbc.org/content/280/22/21061.full" ​

Please consider reviewing:

Emerging role of circadian clock disruption in alcohol-induced liver disease

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6732736/​

Alcohol can cause a number of liver diseases, including the early steatosis (fatty liver) stage and the more chronic and severe conditions of steatohepatitis (steatosis with inflammation and necrosis), fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Tissue injury is caused by oxidative and nitrative damage, redox imbalances, epigenetic modifications, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. Alcohol use also disrupts hepatic energy metabolism and impedes ATP synthesis by lowering glycogen content, decreasing glycolytic activity, and impairing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Dysregulation of key signaling and metabolic pathways contributes to steatosis via increased de novo lipogenesis, decreased β-oxidation of fatty acids, and impaired hepatocyte lipid export. These pathways and many others implicated in the etiology of ALD exhibit diurnal variations that can be influenced by the molecular circadian clock.

For example, diurnal changes in the levels of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family occur in the liver along with rhythmicity of the transcriptional coactivators PPAR-γ coactivator-1α and -1β (PGC-1α and PGC-1β). It is believed that day-night differences in β-oxidation of fatty acids are driven by concerted cycle of PPARα and PGC-1α and clock-driven changes in mitochondrial protein acetylation.

Day-night differences in de novo lipogenesis are mediated in part through circadian clock-mediated control of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and its various downstream targets, including genes involved in triglyceride synthesis and breakdown. Moreover, diurnal variations in lipid packaging and export from liver also appear to be regulated by the circadian clock through activation of the small heterodimer partner (SHP), which controls expression of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Importantly, many of these clock-controlled metabolic pathways are disrupted by alcohol consumption. Thus, increased study on how alcohol perturbs circadian clock function will significantly improve our understanding of the mechanistic metabolic alterations that lead to ALD.

Figure above. The molecular circadian clock system and hepatic clock gene rhythms.
A: the molecular circadian clock mechanism comprises transcriptional-translational feedback loops that control 24-h rhythms in clock genes and numerous other clock-controlled genes.
At the core of the clock mechanism is the BMAL1-CLOCK heterodimer that activates transcription of multiple clock genes including components that comprise the negative feedback loops (PER, CRY, and REV-ERB), the positive feedback loop (ROR), and the transcription factors that regulate Bmal1 expression (ROR and REV-ERB).
These feedback loops also regulate transcription of numerous non-clock metabolic genes.​

Figure above - model for alcohol-mediated disruption of the liver circadian clock and liver injury.
Alcohol-mediated alterations in the circadian clock system contribute, in part, to the development of alcohol-induced steatosis and liver injury.
There are many ways that alcohol might disrupt clock activity in the liver; herein, only a few hypothetical mechanisms are proposed.

First, it is likely that alcohol-mediated alterations to intestinal clocks increases gut permeability, releasing LPS into the portal circulation with the ensuing alterations in hepatic inflammation and metabolism altering the liver clock. Second, alcohol-induced changes in the hepatic redox and energy state are also proposed to disrupt clock function.

While the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for these alcohol-mediated effects on the clock are unknown, it is proposed that alterations in cellular redox may disrupt diurnal rhythms in BMAL1-CLOCK DNA binding along with the activities of the NAD+-dependent enzymes SIRT1 and PARP1, which modulate the phase and amplitude of circadian rhythms.
Similarly, alcohol-mediated alterations in ATP-dependent kinase activities, e.g., AMPK, may negatively affect clock protein functions and timing.

These alterations to the clock would, in turn, perturb clock-controlled rhythms in various downstream metabolic and/or signaling processes implicated in alcohol-induced liver injury, including, but not limited to, pathways in glycogen, lipid, cholesterol, and mitochondrial metabolism.

An alcohol-induced loss in flexible day-night rhythms in hepatic energy metabolism is predicted to cause a state of metabolic “inflexibility” in liver, thus hindering the liver’s ability to respond to changing energy demands throughout the day and perform critical cellular functions, including the repair of alcohol-induced tissue damage.

It is also likely that alterations in these energy metabolism pathways might even “feedback” and further contribute to alcohol-mediated clock disruption thereby intensifying tissue injury.​

Several independent research groups have demonstrated that alcohol disrupts the circadian clock in the liver and induces circadian desynchrony between the liver clock and the central SCN clock.

Importantly, the impact of alcohol on peripheral tissue clocks is not only limited to the liver but also intestine, adrenal, and pituitary glands, thus highlighting the need to take a multiorgan approach in future studies.

Indeed, testing whether alcohol desynchronizes the liver clock from other peripheral organ clocks (gut, adipose, muscle) and other brain region clocks (hippocampus), organs all implicated in regulating whole body energy metabolism, may reveal novel mechanisms of alcohol toxicity. It is also imperative that mechanisms responsible for alcohol-mediated clock disruption are identified.

Mardi Gras has come an gone for the year (Feb 21st 2013).

​

However, when I'm offered "a drink", my response is - "no, Thank you, I'm too old"

To our health,
Grandpa John

​

 

A response to Dr. @Jack Kruse blog post: https://optimalklubs.com/quantum-engineering-27-why-is-sunscreen-and-sunglasses-harmful/
Item #13 - "Low-dose methylene blue use is a way to counterbalance chronic sun cream abuse, blue light, toxicity, and the implantation of intraocular lenses. I will not go into the mechanisms but if you are a physician and you understand the top 13 points you will see why this makes sense."

For those interested in knowing the potential mechanisms for low-dose methylene blue plus near-infrared light are neuroprotective, here's an article.

Protection against neurodegeneration with low-dose methylene blue and near-infrared light

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428125/​

Neurons are metabolically protected against degeneration using low-level methylene blue and near-infrared light interventions.

Both of these novel interventions act by a cellular mechanism involving enhancement of the electron transport chain in mitochondria, which promotes energy metabolism and neuronal survival (Gonzalez-Lima et al., 2014).

Methylene blue preferentially enters neuronal mitochondria after systemic administration, and at low-doses forms an electron cycling redox complex that donates electrons to the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

Low-level near-infrared light applied transcranially delivers photons to cortical neurons that are accepted by cytochrome oxidase, which causes increased cell respiration and cerebral blood flow.

Breakthrough in vivo studies with these interventions suggest that targeting mitochondrial respiration may be beneficial for protection against different types of neurodegenerative disorders.

While low-dose methylene blue and low-level near-infrared light may produce different pleiotropic cellular effects, both interventions cause a similar up-regulation of mitochondrial respiration with similar benefits to protect nerve cells against degeneration.

First, both interventions increase the expression of brain cytochrome oxidase in vivo (Gonzalez-Lima et al., 2014). Methylene blue accomplishes this by supporting the electron transport chain, while near-infrared light does it by directly energizing cytochrome oxidase via photon absorption (Figure below).

Still, their primary cellular mechanism of action is the same: enhancement of mitochondrial respiration.

​

Two neuroprotective interventions for enhancing mitochondrial respiration.

Low-dose methylene blue (MB) acts as an exogenous electron (e-) cycler, boosting oxygen consumption and cell respiration (molecular O2 reduced to H2O).

Low-level red-to-near-infrared light directly energizes cytochrome oxidase (Complex IV) via photon absorption, facilitating its catalytic activity and leading to up-regulation of cytochrome oxidase levels.

These interventions result in long-term increases in the amount of cytochrome oxidase in the electron transport chain by a process of enzymatic induction, which promotes oxidative energy metabolism and neuronal survival.

Abbreviations: I–IV, refer to the four electron transport enzymatic complexes in the inner membrane of mitochondria; MB, is oxidized methylene blue (blue color); MBH2, is reduced methylene blue (colorless); H+, stands for the protons pumped by Complexes I, III, and IV that enter the mitochondrial matrix via ATP synthase, which results in ATP production.
​

Enjoy,
Grandpa John

 

A second response to Dr. @Jack Kruse blog post: https://optimalklubs.com/quantum-engineering-27-why-is-sunscreen-and-sunglasses-harmful/
Item #2 - Dr. @Jack Kruse brought up the subject of melanin and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC).

These are very interesting molecules which directly correlate with obesity...

Let's begin -

Melanin is a complex polymer derived from the amino acid tyrosine. In humans, melanin exists as three forms: eumelanin (which is subdivided further into black and brown forms), pheomelanin, and neuromelanin.

The first step of biosynthesis of both eumelanin and pheomelanin begins the same way.

• Tyrosine is converted into dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which requires tyrosine hydroxylase and tetrahydrobiopterin as a cofactor.
  
• The enzyme tyrosinase then converts dihydroxyphenylalanine into dopaquinone, which can follow a variety of pathways to form the eumelanin or pheomelanin.

The primary stimulus for melanogenesis and subsequent melanosome production is UV radiation, which upregulates melanocyte production of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and its downstream products, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The overall effect is to increase eumelanin production.

POMC: The Physiological Power of Hormone Processing

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6170974/​

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the archetypal polypeptide precursor of hormones and neuropeptides.

Individual peptides produced in different tissues and the impact of the simultaneous presence of their precursors or fragments.

In the pituitary, correct processing of POMC peptides is essential to maintain the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

In hypothalamic neurons expressing POMC, abnormalities in processing critically impact on the regulation of appetite, energy homeostasis, and body composition.

POMC serves as a prohormone for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a key mediator of the adrenocortical response to stress.

POMC expression is retrained by promoter methylation. ACTH, the melanotropins, and endorphins are liberated by specific proteolytic enzymes called PCs. POMC-related opioid peptides have been found in immune cells.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/proopiomelanocortin​

Since POMC processing defects lead to obesity, it is not surprising that the POMC locus itself is important in body size determination.

Obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans

https://sci-hub.se/10.1038/509



Patient 1 & 2 displays obesity, red hair pigmentation and ACTH deficiency​

The central melanocortin system and human obesity

https://academic.oup.com/jmcb/article/12/10/785/5911633​

Optogenetic studies demonstrate that photostimulation of Agrp neurons results in evoked inhibitory post-synaptic currents in POMC neurons (Atasoy et al., 2012), although these local inhibitory inputs on POMC neurons alone are not required for acute feeding effects of Agrp neuron activation (Tong et al., 2008; Atasoy et al., 2012).

A simplified summary of the central melanocortin pathway (see image below) including the key components that are affected by known human genetic variants (red in text). 3V, third ventricle; α-MSH, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; AGRP, agouti-related peptide; ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; ARH, arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; LEPR, leptin receptor; MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor; ME, median eminence; MRAP2, melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2; NRP2, neuropilin-2 receptor; POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; PVH, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; SEMA3, semaphorin 3; SIM1, single-minded 1; SRC-1, steroid receptor co-activator-1; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TRKB, tropomyosin-related kinase B; VMH, ventromedial hypothalamus.

​

Ok, ok, we know sunlight fixes everything... However, if your light sucks because it's winter, we can turn on the COLD therapy


Leptin release by cold was shown to increase Bdnf mRNA and protein levels in the hypothalamus, BDNF may also play a role in leptin signaling and axonal growth of POMC neurons. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669621/

​

Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone (release by cold therapy), plays a prominent role in the regulation of POMC neurons.

As mentioned above, a subpopulation of POMC neurons expresses the long form of LepRb.

Via a direct effect on POMC neurons, leptin activates the LepRb-STAT3 pathway and the Jak2-phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)–transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel pathway.

This induces increased POMC mRNA levels and neuronal depolarization that will result in signaling pathways.

Leptin affects the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

In addition, activation of the mTOR pathway affects AMPK phosphorylation, an event necessary for leptin's effects on hypothalamic AMPK activity, hypothalamic neuropeptide expression.


Ok, so if you know someone who maybe a type of red-head ( me ) and have struggled with fasting blood-sugar levels ( me ) than just maybe that person has a POMC gene deficiency.


So what's that poor-red-head to do, specifically, in the winter? How about recommending COLD therapy

My daily practice is 15 to 25 minutes immersion in water below 11 degrees C or 52 degrees F in the winter. In the summer, the water warms up to 15 degrees C or 59 degrees F. I prefer the running water of a river where the earth's electric current of ion transfer through my body is greater than stagnate water. But I'm currently not close to a clean river; so I'm immersing up to my chin in an non-heated community pool. I also take a cold shower before bed. I do not consider myself to be cold adapted. This practice I do because it's "good for me" not because I enjoy it. Hopefully, it's been worth it.

​

Grandpa John

 

I am getting my Methylene Blue from Mitolab.com
Methylene Blue - Solution (USP) (30mL / 100mL) - 100ml
What is low dose?
How to figure it out?
When I take certain amounts, at the end of the day my urine becomes blue. Can this be used as indicator of the size of the dose?

 

@Jack Kruse spends lots of time under very good sunlight.
I am wondering how he was able to to get this rather significant sunburn.

 

Methylene blue is a safe drug when used in therapeutic doses (<2mg/kg)
Source https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087269/

Please note with these dosages – no where does it mention a daily use beyond 3 days

Please see: https://forum.jackkruse.com/index.p...r-when-tca-cycling-is-poor.27186/#post-315798

 

In Dr. @Jack Kruse blog post https://optimalklubs.com/quantum-engineering-27-why-is-sunscreen-and-sunglasses-harmful/

Item #2. He wrote: "Without melanin in your skin you burn faster BECAUSE your skin cannot make POMC, melanin, and can’t make Vitamin D3 from cholesterol esters. This is why I looked pink above. It only takes me a few days to repair this problem when I get my skin and eye back in nature."

 

Even though Dr @Jack Kruse rarely posts content like this on his members site https://forum.jackkruse.com , I was able to find this post on a “free” site – https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=661329489328700&set=a.472138168247834 His “title” – “Vibrational Theory of Smell”.

Perhaps he doesn’t post on his members site much, because within 1 hour of this post on his Facebook site he received multiple responses. Think about, if you post, do you think you would like a reaction, hopefully positive. An acknowledgement to your posts is an encouragement, so long as it is a nonviolent “intelligent” intercourse.

As true to my intent to encourage a dialog with Dr @Jack Kruse, I place my response for him here on his members’ site. Even though I take a risk that he takes offense with the science I present here, my hope is he will be able to “hear” the message from “falsifiable ideas” and scientific reporting of the data I’m presenting. I believe he has a great mind. I have found many of his ideas which have been disproven, however, he still holds onto dearly. My goal is not to destroy his beliefs, but to provide evidence to an “improved” evidence based emergent paradigm.

When Dr. @Jack Kruse stated he used to believe Nobel prize recipient Axel's work, but no longer does. This gives me hope that Dr. @Jack Kruse is moving forward, sighting evidence based scientific reporting, rather than genetic number theories -> https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.ffa.2015.10.008

I have been a bit concerned by his “non-response” to my presentation of scientific data reporting which I’ve posted on his members’ site. The only feedback I’ve received has not be positive from him so far; however, we all know change specifically modification of deep-seated ideas is very hard to modify. They are habitual thought patterns. They may be the very rock bed of our logical thought processing. Any disruption feels threatening. My hope is he will be able to modify these ideas enough to “make a difference” before he passes.

My specific response to his post on the subject of "Vibrational Theory of Smell" will take sometime to draft. There are many ideas I would like to present which are a build out of my posts so far. So, I appreciate his patience…

Grandpa John

 

@8Phoenix - I apologize for the delay.

After a bit of research, I've only found one entry where Dr. Rasmus Gaupp-Berghausen has published. As a presenter at the International Light Association conferences, Dr. Rasmus Gaupp-Berghausen is a contributor to a book from the ILA called, "The Power of Light, Colour and Sound for Health and Wellness" https://www.amazon.com/Power-Light-Colour-Health-Wellness/dp/3347252993.

The only information about him and his work are a few videos. I've emailed him an inquiry asking for information about his products. He has a US marketing representive; however, that person has yet to contact me. I would be interested in product literature, specific clinical studies and pricing. Hopefully, they will contact me.

So reviewing his lectures from the ILA conferences and his website, he "demonstrates" that his product will help the person to move into heart coherence, from a sympathetic response to a parasympathetic response.

There are now hundreds of articles, scientific studies which show that once a person can move into heart coherence, the human body will begin to heal of whatever ills them.

Most heart rate variability products involve meditation and breath work using biofeedback to reward the client as she or he "moves into" heart coherence. What was most interesting to me about Dr. Rasmus Gaupp-Berghausen's products was that the client does not need to be conscious during the therapeutic duration as in the example of comatose patients. However, Dr. Rasmus Gaupp-Berghausen found for most clients that if she or he could "open their heart" while getting their mind out of the way, the therapeutic results were greater.

Sources:

Rasmus Gaupp-Berghausen on Heart-Rate Variability

https://www.aquaquinta.com/en/heart-sound/
https://www.aquaquinta.com/en/hrv-basics/influencing-factors/
https://www.aquaquinta.com/en/
https://www.aquaquinta.com/en/components/​

Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback products

https://www.heartmath.org/articles-of-the-heart/the-math-of-heartmath/heart-rate-variability/
https://choosemuse.my.site.com/s/?language=en_US
https://getlief.com/
​

Ultra-low radio frequency energy (ulRFE®)

https://hapbee.com/blogs/hapbee/the-science-of-hapbee

EMulate Therapeutics uses a specialized liquid helium-cooled, Superconducting Quantum Interference Unit (SQUID) magnetometer to detect “real-time” changes in the magnetic environment (10^-15 Tesla) of solvated molecules of interest.

The signals used solely by EMulate Therapeutics apply to medical-grade cancer treatment have shown to be very successful on brain tumors.

https://static1.squarespace.com/sta...47028850/Polymerization+Paper+JUN_8_2022+.pdf
EMulate Therapeutics has invented and patented a technology that utilizes radio frequency energy (RFE) precisely targeted at the low and ultra-low ends of the RFE spectrum (ulRFE® ) to specifically regulate signaling and metabolic pathways on the molecular and genetic levels – without chemicals, radiation or drugs – delivered via a simple-to-use non-invasive therapeutic system.

Evidence from other research pathways using ulRFE derived from sources other than paclitaxel demonstrated that by modifying our recordings – reducing the frequency range of the ulRFE® from 0-22 kHz to 0-8 kHz – improved experimental outcomes and increased intended effectiveness.

Recent experiments have shown improvement in the effectiveness of A1A_TxU over A1A_rfe to produce tubulin polymerization. We believe this improvement, when the emitted frequency is reduced from the 0-22 kHz range to the 0-8 kHz range, can produce better outcomes in future clinical trials in which GBM patients are treated with A1A_TxU.

EMulate’s A1A_rfe product has demonstrated effectiveness in treating patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in a feasibility (phase II) clinical trial. A modified ulRFE product was produced by digitally modifying the A1A_rfe to operate in the frequency range of 0-8 kHz (A1A_TxU).
​

 

In his post - https://forum.jackkruse.com/index.p...my-freedom-journal.26760/page-116#post-320100 Dr. Jack Kruse asserts:

“POMc does exactly what photosynthesis does. It makes glucose from blue light frequencies via ACTH.”​

Dr. @Jack Kruse - I thought you may enjoy this article by the Journal of Endorcrinology May 2018

How UV Light Touches the Brain and Endocrine System Through Skin, and Why

https://academic.oup.com/endo/article/159/5/1992/4931051​

The authors assert that it is the phototransition of NO to the singlet nitroxyl NO- isoelectronic with singlet oxygen O2.

NO may affect melanogenesis in both normal and malignant melanocytes and it potently regulates local blood flow in a paracrine manner. These NO-related effects strongly depend on UV. Importantly, blood-borne nitrosothiols such as nitrosoglutathione nonenzymatically release high amounts of NO upon action of UVA and short-wave VIS. Thus, nitrosothiols serve as transient NO storage molecules and NO transport vehicles to distant body sites, executing the endocrine way of NO action. Under physiological conditions, Cu,Zn-dependent superoxide dismutase may reversely reduce NO to the nitroxyl anion NO−. The latter is a chromophore for UV, and primarily undergoes phototransition to the singlet nitroxyl 1NO− isoelectronic with singlet oxygen O2.

Note: NO and its donors (nitrosothiols) represent important hormonelike regulators of skin homeostasis; at the same time, NO is a mediator of the immunological, melanogenic, and neurologic effects of UV. NO may be produced in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic fashion. There are three types of NO synthases encoded in various loci, and expressed in various skin cells according to the skin status (normal vs inflamed) and the predominant phase of hair follicle cycling. When produced in high amounts, NO itself becomes a nonspecific proinflammatory effector, and an important effector of oxidative/nitrosative stress (e.g., by generation of peroxynitrite).

The skin immune system communicates with this diffuse neuroendocrine system in a bidirectional fashion using the same neuroendocrine messengers, cytokines, and cognate receptors, presumably to protect the local skin homeostasis against external stressors. Release of soluble neuro-endocrine-immune factors into the circulation can exert systemic, endocrine, and CNS effects, as is impressively illustrated by UV radiation (UVR)–induced β-endorphin and CRH releases from the skin, whereas immune cells that have been UV stimulated in the skin can act as cellular “second messengers” of the cutaneous neuro-endocrine-immune system to impact on global organismal homeostasis (see Figure below).

Moreover, UVB absorption by DNA resulting in DNA damage concomitantly stimulates pigmentation and both expression and activity of POMC as an indirect effect of UVR. Finally, the contribution of lipids in UV transduction must not be underestimated in this context, given their paramount role in epidermal barrier functions and predominant absorption of short UVB wavelengths by the stratum corneum with lower penetration to stratum granulosum.

The downstream signaling will include stimulation of endocrine organs or systemic immune system secondary to UV-induced entry of humoral signals to the circulation (CRH, urocortins, POMC-peptides, cytokines, serotonin, melatonin) or the organ activation via neural transmission through somatosensory and autonomic system with signals originating from or bypassing brain.​

​

Melanocyte as the computing UV sensor, effector, and master regulator in the epidermal neuroendocrine concert.

Melanocytes—melanin-producing cells with neuroendocrine capabilities —after receiving UV electromagnetic waves, decode them according to their frequency, translate the absorbed energy/information into biologically relevant signals and activities, and convey them to multiple effect or targets.

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the ACTH/melanocortin precursor, is secreted by human epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes and stimulates melanogenesis.

The UV-induced formation of multiple dendrites allows them not only to amplify the biological effect (right, output) but also to enhance the capability of sensing UV-induced disturbances in epidermal homeostasis by collecting information from multiple structures at different, sometimes distant spaciotemporal locations (left, input). hv, a quantum of UV irradiation.
​

Enjoy

 

In response to Dr. Jack Kruse post https://forum.jackkruse.com/index.php?threads/what-is-life.13352/page-2#post-319168

https://forum.jackkruse.com/index.php?threads/what-is-life.13352/page-2#post-320089​

I have loved Dr. Gilbert Ling’s work. I am very glad that even though QFT & QM were in their hay-day during many of his years as a scientist. Dr. Ling did not go down that rabbit hole, which was based on failed photon-splitter experiences and subsequent postulations, mathematical theorems to support fantastical probabilities of proton-electron-particle believes. Dr. Ling lived a long life – 100 years from 1919 to 2019. He could have learned that the Quantum Mechanics Measurement Problem had been resolved in 2003 by an experiential physicist, Eric Reiter. Please see my write-up on the subject:

starting at https://forum.jackkruse.com/index.php?posts/31887​

Dr. Ling’s work was more concerned with hydrated electron donating strength of the amino-acid through the protoplasm (endoplasm) than trying to “split-hairs over light.”

He debunked the sodium pump hypothesis:
Debunking the Alleged Resurrection of the Sodium Pump Hypothesis

http://www.physiologicalchemistryandphysics.com/pdf/PCP29-123_ling.pdf​

He developed the Induction Hypothesis

http://gilbertling.org/pdf/The-Association-Induction-Hypothesis-42-page-summary.pdf​

One of his many books:
What is Life Answered by Gilbert Ling

http://gilbertling.org/pdf/What-is-Life-Answered.pdf


​

He developed:

• The Polarized Multilayer (PM) theory of cell water and model systems (Ling 1965), only to be replaced later by the name, the Polarized-Oriented Multilayer (POM) theory of cell water and model systems (Ling 2003.)
• The association-induction hypothesis is built are
  • (1) the science (physics) of Statistical Mechanics and
    
  • (2) the (correct part of) protein and polypeptide chemistry and physics.

Ling pastoralized: First, properties of matter can be roughly sorted into two categories.​

• Long-range attributes include sight and sound that can be perceived at different distances away from their origin.
• Short-range attributes include textures and taste of an object, which can be perceived only by direct contact.

An important point made in his 1965 presentation was that all or virtually all the water in the living cell assumes the dynamic structure of polarized-oriented multilayers.

​

Figure above. The original illustration of the polarized (oriented) multilayer theory of cell water, in which each water molecule is represented as a circle containing a curved arrow. The length of the arrow indicates the assumed degree of motional freedom. Later work shows that the degree of motional restriction is much more uniform rather than showing a steep gradient as suggested in this original illustration. (From Ling 1965).

Ling introduced a quantitative parameter called the (true) equilibrium distribution coefficient or q-value to represent the equilibrium distribution ratio of a solute between two phases like the total cell water and the external bathing solution.

Discovered by K. Lohmann in 1929, ATP was for about 15 years widely believed to carry two high-energy phosphate bonds, each represented by the symbol-Pin a theory proposed by Lipmann (Lipmann 1941.) This concept turned out to be mistaken as shown by Podolsky and Morales (1956.) They found no usable energy to do work in any one of the three phosphate bonds (Ling 1992 p. 179; Ling 2001 p. 234, 306.) This iconoclastic development left ATP without a function-for six years only or altogether, depending on one's familiarity with or lack of it with the association-induction hypothesis.

The mistaken notion was created in part by the failure to recognize the association-induction hypothesis, which gives ATP a new function as an important cardinal adsorbent. As such, it is distinguished by its strong binding energy with a standard free energy of binding, .l'.W0 equal to-14.3 Kcal/mole (Ling 1992 p. 180.) Thus the binding energy on myosin of ATP is ten times higher than the binding energy on myosin of its hydrolytic product ADP, (Ling 1992 p. 187.)

Dr. @Jack Kruse wrote of “ATP is designed to unfold proteins fully to open their carbonyl and imino side chain groups on all amino acids to intracellular water. This action allows binding and polarization to separate water into subatomic particles that are positively and negatively charged. This action is called building or expanding the exclusion zone (EZ) of water. This is the core work of Dr. Gerald Pollack.” https://jackkruse.com/ee-6-quantum-cell-theory-life-collective-phenomena/

Dr. @Jack Kruse continues - "My answer to this is easy, yet complex, but buried in the science of the Energy and Epigenetics 6 blog post. When you eat a more ketogenic template you make more ATP to maximally unfold proteins. This is based upon the ability of one mole of glucose only making 36 ATP vs 147 ATP from the beta oxidation of fats. ATP’s main function in a zero entropy quantum cell, opens protein conformational structure to expose more water binding sites in proteins. When this occurs the amount of ATP is stochastically linked to potassium concentration inside the cell. This is why potassium is found inside all cells and sodium is not. Sodium exclusion is not due to a membrane pump as most biochemistry books say. Gilbert Ling proved this mathematically and experimentally close to 50 years ago. The only reason his work was not accepted was because biology does not realize that energy in cells is generated by semiconduction of charged particles that are separated from water. Becker’s proof on Ling’s conceptual framework did not come until 9 years after Ling showed why K (potassium) and Na (sodium) are included and excluded because of the semiconducting currents found inside cells energized by sunlight. This has been further proven in the molecular actions of rhodopsin, melanopsin work in the retina, and actin and myosin in muscle by Gerald Pollack, all using photon semiconduction." https://jackkruse.com/energy-epigenetics-10-quantum-puzzle/

The physiological role of ATP as an electron-withdrawing cardinal adsorbent (EWC) has received further confirmation because H+, its substitute in the present study, is nothing more than a positive charge and hence by definition an EWC.

As a whole, cardinal adsorbents can be divided into three categories:

• electron-withdrawing cardinal adsorbents (EWC),
• electron-donating cardinal adsorbents (EDC) and
• electron-indifferent cardinal adsorbents (EiC).

H+ movement -> withdrawing, donating, indifference​

Ling introduced us to the following, as he states:

1. In 1981, I introduced the theory of associative-inductive coupling mechanism for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Through this suggested mechanism, "each cycle of oxidation and reduction of the respiratory chain center leads to a cyclic change in the c-value of appropriate sites on the ATPase, triggering the generation of one ATP molecule" (Ling 1981; Ling 1984 p.517.)

2. In 1986, I demonstrated that the a-helical potential of each of the 19 amino acids is strongly correlated to the electron-donating strength of the 19 amino acids's respective side chains. This then led to the conclusion that high c-value analogue of the backbone carbonyl groups of a protein favors the assumption of the folded a-helical structure and that low c-value analogue favors its assumption of fullyextended conformation (with the consequent adsorption of deep layers of water molecules.) (Ling 1986, also Sect. 4.4.5.2 below in this volume.)

3. In 1993, using statistical mechanical methods, I derived an equation for the q-value of solutes dissolved in multilayers of polarized-oriented water, implicating the "size rule." (Ling 1993; also Sect.4.3.1 below in this volume.)

4. In 2003, I discovered a short cut that allowed me to produce a new theoretical foundation for the theory of polarized-oriented multilayer theory of cell (and model) water. I did this by proving what is called an Idealized NP Surface-in which each N or P site is separated from its nearest neighbor by a distance of 3.lA-can polarize and orient multilayers of water ad infinitum. Moreover, water so polarized-oriented cannot be frozen at any attainable low temperature. (Ling 2003; also Sect.4.3.2 below in this volume.)

5. In 2007, I discovered the possible reason why Troshin's simple two term equation can explain almost all the solute distribution data in systems as complex as a collection of living cells. The reason could be what the AI Hypothesis suggests: qualitatively and quantitatively similar nano-protoplasm maintained in the resting living state makes up the bulk of most living cells (Ling 2007 a.)

6. In 2008, Ling and Ochsenfeld published an article, bearing the title "A historically significant study that at once disproves the membrane pump theory and confirms that nano-protoplasm is the ultimate physical basis of life-and yet so simple ... " To understand why I think that this is the last of the string of clinching events for arriving at the essentially definitive answer of what is life, I have reproduced the Abstract of this article as well as a list of what the article has brought to light in the last Section 5.2. of this volume (Ling and Ochsenfeld 2008a.)​

Don't you just wish he was still with us?